Blair v. Commissioner of Social Security, No. 1:2019cv03129 - Document 14 (E.D. Wash. 2020)

Court Description: ORDER GRANTING 12 DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT; denying 11 Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge Robert H. Whaley. (SG, Case Administrator)

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Blair v. Commissioner of Social Security Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW Doc. 14 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1504 Page 1 of 27 1 2 3 FI LED I N THE U.S. DI STRI CT COURT EASTERN DI STRI CT OF WASHI NGTON 4 Aug 13, 2020 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 7 CHRISTOPHER RYAN B., 8 Plaintiff, No. 1:19-CV-03129-RHW 9 v. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT 10 11 12 13 ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant. Before the Court are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment. ECF 14 Nos. 11, 12. Plaintiff brings this action seeking judicial review of the 15 Commissioner of Social Security’s final decision, which denied his application for 16 supplemental security income under Title XVI of the Social Security Act, 42 17 U.S.C. §1381-1383F. See Administrative Record (AR) at 679-706. After reviewing 18 the administrative record and briefs filed by the parties, the Court GRANTS 19 Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment and DENIES Plaintiff’s Motion for 20 Summary Judgment. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 1 Dockets.Justia.com Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 2 ECF No. 14 I. filed 08/13/20 PageID.1505 Page 2 of 27 Jurisdiction Plaintiff filed his application for supplemental security income on January 3 30, 2013, alleging disability beginning December 14, 2012.1 See AR 20, 196. 4 Plaintiff’s application was initially denied on April 17, 2013, see AR 107-119, and 5 on reconsideration on June 14, 2013. See AR 123-134. Plaintiff then requested a 6 hearing. AR 135-38. 7 A hearing with an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) occurred on 8 December 22, 2014. AR 41-81. On January 29, 2015, the ALJ issued a decision 9 concluding that Plaintiff was not disabled as defined in the Act and was therefore 10 ineligible for benefits. AR 17-39. On May 10, 2016, the Appeals Council denied 11 Plaintiff’s request for review, AR 1-7, thus making the ALJ’s ruling the final 12 decision of the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.1481. 13 On July 11, 2016, Plaintiff filed a complaint in this district challenging the 14 denial of benefits. AR 767-69; see Christopher B. v. Colvin, 1:16-CV-03135-LRS, 15 ECF No. 3 (E.D. Wash. 2016). Plaintiff later moved for summary judgment, 16 arguing that the ALJ: (1) improperly characterized his mental health condition as a 17 generic “mood disorder” rather than as bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder, 18 (2) improperly discounted his credibility, and (3) improperly weighed the opinions 19 1 20 However, for claims under Title XVI, benefits are not payable until the month after the application’s filing date. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.335. At the hearing, Plaintiff amended his alleged onset date to the date of his application. AR 42. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 2 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1506 Page 3 of 27 1 and statements from several medical and lay witnesses. See Christopher B., 1:16- 2 CV-03135-LRS, ECF No. 13 at 7-21. 3 The court agreed with Plaintiff’s first argument, concluding that the record 4 was inadequate to determine whether Plaintiff suffers from a schizoaffective 5 disorder. Id., ECF No. 17 at 10. The court remanded the case for further 6 development of the record—specifically, for the Commissioner to obtain a 7 consultative psychiatric evaluation of Plaintiff to determine whether he suffers 8 from a schizoaffective disorder. Id. at 11. The court noted that without this 9 information, it could not address the other issues Plaintiff raised regarding 10 11 credibility, medical opinions, and lay testimony. Id. Following the consultative psychiatric evaluation, see AR 1386-1394, a 12 different ALJ held another hearing on November 2, 2018. AR 707-731. On March 13 29, 2019, the ALJ issued a new decision again concluding that Plaintiff was not 14 disabled as defined in the Act and was therefore ineligible for benefits. AR 679- 15 706. Plaintiff did not file written exceptions and the Appeals Council did not opt to 16 assume jurisdiction, so the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the 17 Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.1484(d). 18 On June 6, 2019, Plaintiff timely filed the present action challenging the 19 denial of benefits. ECF No. 1. Accordingly, his claims are properly before this 20 Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 3 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 2 II. ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1507 Page 4 of 27 Five-Step Sequential Evaluation Process The Social Security Act defines disability as the “inability to engage in any 3 substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or 4 mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or 5 can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.” 42 6 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A). A claimant shall be determined to be under a disability 7 only if the claimant’s impairments are so severe that the claimant is not only 8 unable to do his or her previous work, but cannot, considering the claimant’s age, 9 education, and work experience, engage in any other substantial gainful work that 10 11 exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(B). The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential evaluation process 12 for determining whether a claimant is disabled within the meaning of the Act. 20 13 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4). Step one inquires whether the claimant is presently 14 engaged in “substantial gainful activity.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(b). If the claimant is, 15 he or she is not entitled to disability benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(b). If not, the 16 ALJ proceeds to step two. 17 Step two asks whether the claimant has a severe impairment, or combination 18 of impairments, that significantly limits the claimant’s physical or mental ability to 19 do basic work activities. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(c). If the claimant does not, the claim 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 4 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1508 Page 5 of 27 1 is denied and no further evaluative steps are required. Otherwise, the evaluation 2 proceeds to the third step. 3 Step three involves a determination of whether one of the claimant’s severe 4 impairments “meets or equals” one of the listed impairments acknowledged by the 5 Commissioner to be sufficiently severe as to preclude substantial gainful activity. 6 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.920(d), 416.925, 416.926; 20 C.F.R. § 404 Subpt. P. App. 1 (“the 7 Listings”). If an impairment does, the claimant is per se disabled and qualifies for 8 benefits. Id. If not, the evaluation proceeds to the fourth step. 9 Step four examines whether the claimant’s residual functional capacity 10 enables the claimant to perform past relevant work. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(e)-(f). If it 11 does, the claimant is not entitled to disability benefits and the inquiry ends. Id. 12 Step five shifts the burden to the Commissioner to prove that the claimant is 13 able to perform other work in the national economy, taking into account the 14 claimant’s age, education, and work experience. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.912(f), 15 416.920(g), 416.960(c). 16 17 III. Standard of Review A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner is governed 18 by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The scope of review under this section is limited, and the 19 Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported by 20 substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1144, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 5 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1509 Page 6 of 27 1 1158-59 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing § 405(g)). In reviewing a denial of benefits, a 2 district court may not substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ. Matney v. 3 Sullivan, 981 F.2d 1016, 1019 (9th Cir. 1992). When the ALJ presents a reasonable 4 interpretation that is supported by the evidence, it is not the role of the courts to 5 second-guess it. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001). Even if 6 the evidence in the record is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, if 7 inferences reasonably drawn from the record support the ALJ’s decision, then the 8 court must uphold that decision. Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 9 2012); see also Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954-59 (9th Cir. 2002). 10 11 IV. Statement of Facts The facts of the case are set forth in detail in the transcript of proceedings 12 and only briefly summarized here. Plaintiff was 34 years old when he filed his 13 application, which the regulations define as a younger person. AR 82; see 20 14 C.F.R. § 416.963(c). He was expelled from school in the 10th grade for assaulting 15 a teacher but later obtained his GED in his mid-20s while incarcerated. AR 47, 16 388, 465, 597, 1390. He can read, write, and communicate in English. AR 219. He 17 has a history of abusing alcohol, marijuana, crack cocaine, powder cocaine, heroin, 18 and methamphetamine. AR 388, 464, 597, 1390-91. He has past relevant work as a 19 telemarketer, salesman, waiter, materials handler, construction worker, and carpet 20 layer. AR 243-253, 694, 727-28. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 6 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 2 ECF No. 14 V. filed 08/13/20 PageID.1510 Page 7 of 27 The ALJ’s Findings The ALJ determined that Plaintiff had not been under a disability within the 3 meaning of the Act since January 30, 2013 (the date he filed his application). AR 4 683, 695-96. 5 6 7 At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the application filing date. AR 684. At step two, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had the following severe 8 impairments: degenerative disc disease, mood disorder, anxiety, personality 9 disorder, and substance addiction. AR 684. 10 At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or 11 combination of impairments that met or medically equaled the severity of one of 12 the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, Appendix 1. AR 685-86. 13 At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had the residual functional 14 capacity to perform light work as defined in 20 C.F.R. § 416.967(b), albeit with 15 some additional limitations. AR 686. The ALJ found that Plaintiff could 16 occasionally climb, stoop, and crouch. AR 686. He could perform simple, 17 repetitive, routine tasks with brief and superficial interaction with coworkers and 18 supervisors, but could not work with the general public. AR 686. Given these 19 physical and psychological limitations, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was unable to 20 perform any past relevant work. AR 694. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 7 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1511 Page 8 of 27 At step five, the ALJ found that in light of Plaintiff’s age, education, work 2 experience, and residual functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in 3 significant numbers in the national economy that he could perform. AR 695. These 4 included the jobs of a production assembler, an agricultural produce sorter and 5 grader, and a packing line worker. AR 695. 6 VI. 7 Issues for Review Plaintiff argues that the ALJ: (1) improperly discredited his subjective pain 8 complaint testimony, and (2) improperly evaluated and weighed the medical 9 opinion evidence. ECF No. 11 at 2, 9-21. 10 11 12 13 14 VII. Discussion A. The ALJ did not Improperly Reject Plaintiff’s Subjective Complaints Plaintiff first argues the ALJ erred by discounting the credibility of his testimony regarding his subjective symptoms. ECF No. 11 at 9-17. Once a claimant produces objective medical evidence of an underlying 15 impairment that could reasonably produce some degree of the symptoms alleged, 16 the ALJ can reject the claimant’s symptom testimony only by providing “specific, 17 clear, and convincing reasons.” Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th 18 Cir. 2008). However, this standard does not apply when there is evidence of 19 malingering in the record. Carmickle v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 533 F.3d 1155, 1160 20 (9th Cir. 2008); Morgan v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 169 F.3d 595, 599 (9th Cir. 1999). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 8 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1512 Page 9 of 27 1 The ALJ does not need to make a specific finding of malingering, as long as 2 affirmative evidence in the record shows malingering.2 Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 3 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009); see Lynn v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:19-cv-0090-TOR, 4 2019 WL 6717025, at *4 (E.D. Wash. 2019). Thus, if affirmative evidence in the 5 record shows malingering, the ALJ may reject the claimant’s testimony. See 6 Morgan, 169 F.3d at 599. 7 Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s complaints of disabling limitations were 8 undermined by: (1) affirmative evidence in the record that suggested malingering; 9 (2) Plaintiff’s self-reported daily activities; (3) his significant drug and alcohol 10 abuse, which providers believed exacerbated his mental health symptoms; (4) his 11 inconsistent reports of his mental health symptoms, as well as his reasons for not 12 being able to attend school; (5) the fact that he only sought minimal treatment for 13 14 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 The parties dispute whether ALJs are required to make a specific finding that a claimant was malingering for the clear-and-convincing-reasons standard to no longer apply. See ECF No. 12 at 2; No. 13 at 3. The majority of recent cases dealing with this issue have rejected the requirement of a specific malingering finding in favor of the more deferential requirement that evidence of malingering need only be present in the record. See Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1163 n.9 (9th Cir. 2014) (noting that Robbins “is in some tension with” Vasquez and applying the Vasquez malingering standard); Valentine v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 574 F.3d 685, 693 (9th Cir. 2009) (requiring only “affirmative evidence showing that the claimant is malingering” to reject a claimant’s testimony without providing clear and convincing reasons); Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1160 n.1. “Consistent with the recent majority approach, this Court applies the rule that the ALJ ‘does not need to make a specific finding of malingering, so long as affirmative evidence in the record shows malingering.’” Lynn A. v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:19-CV-0090-TOR, 2019 WL 6717025, at *4 (E.D. Wash. 2019) (quoting Mobbs v. Berryhill, No. 3:17-cv-05374-TLF, 2017 WL 6759321, at *6 (W.D. Wash. 2017)). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 9 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1513 Page 10 of 27 1 his lumbar condition; and (6) the generally benign physical and mental 2 examination findings throughout the medical record. AR 687-692. 3 1. 4 The ALJ reasoned that Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were not entirely 5 credible because evidence in the record suggested malingering. AR 691. Among 6 other things, the ALJ relied on a 2013 psychological evaluation from Aaron 7 Burdge, Ph.D. AR 691; see AR 387-407. Dr. Burdge administered the Personality 8 Assessment Inventory and found that Plaintiff “consistently endorsed items that 9 portray[ed] himself in an especially negative or pathological manner.” AR 389. Evidence suggesting malingering 10 This led Dr. Burdge to opine that “[s]ome deliberate distortion of the clinical 11 picture may be present; the critical items should be reviewed to evaluate the 12 possibility of malingering.” AR 389. 13 In addition to testing, Dr. Burdge interviewed Plaintiff and noted that 14 although Plaintiff reported “auditory and tactile hallucinations,” he did not “appear 15 to respond to any internal stimuli during the interview and did not appear to be 16 suffering from a severe mental illness.” AR 389. Dr. Burdge also found that 17 Plaintiff “did not appear to put forth adequate effort during the interview process.” 18 AR 391 (emphasis in original). This all led Dr. Burdge to make a rule-out 19 diagnosis of malingering. AR 389. 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 10 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1514 Page 11 of 27 Moreover, the psychologist who interpreted Plaintiff’s Personality 2 Assessment Inventory, Dr. Leslie Morey, opined that Plaintiff “may not have 3 answered in a completely forthright manner.” AR 398. Dr. Morey also noted that 4 Plaintiff’s results indicated “exaggeration” and that he appeared “particularly 5 motivated to appear to have” certain problems, including physical signs of anxiety, 6 low frustration tolerance, impact of traumatic events, etc. AR 398-99 (emphasis 7 added). Dr. Morey also suggested malingering as a rule-out diagnosis. AR 403-04. 8 Additionally, psychologist Jay Toews, Ed.D., testified that Plaintiff’s 9 10 11 Personality Assessment Inventory results were “most consistent with a desire to not cooperate or with actually malingering.” AR 724. The ALJ also observed that in December 2012, Plaintiff went to the 12 emergency room “endorsing auditory hallucinations” and the hospital detained him 13 as a danger to himself. AR 434. However, the attending psychiatrist, Dr. Jamie 14 Simmons, noted that “[u]pon admit he was reporting hallucinations but his affect 15 did not match these reports.” AR 434. Similarly, psychologist James Bailey, Ph.D., 16 reviewed one of Plaintiff’s psychological assessments and noted that it was 17 “unusual for an individual troubled by paranoid delusions to be so precise and 18 maintain a professional demeanor in presenting his own illness.” AR 99. Dr. Bailey 19 also commented on Plaintiff’s Personality Assessment Inventory results, noting 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 11 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1515 Page 12 of 27 1 that he reported “bizarre and unlikely symptoms” and that this indicated “both 2 exaggeration and minimization.” AR 99. 3 In addition to the opinions of the mental health providers, the ALJ also 4 relied on statements from Plaintiff himself as evidence that suggested malingering. 5 AR 691. During a medication management visit, Plaintiff told a provider that he 6 was not working because “my lawyer says if I work it could hurt my chances with 7 disability.” AR 543. During another visit, he said that he sat around doing nothing 8 all day because he was “fighting a disability claim.” AR 641. The ALJ interpreted 9 these statements as implying that Plaintiff “was not seeking work because he was 10 11 trying to get disability, not because of his impairments.” AR 691. Relying on Mohammad v. Colvin, 595 F. App’x 696 (9th Cir. 2014), the 12 Commissioner argues that the foregoing evidence suggests malingering and 13 supports the ALJ’s decision to discount Plaintiff’s credibility. ECF No. 12 at 2-3. 14 In Mohammad, the court found the ALJ’s finding was supported by substantial 15 evidence when the record contained “three instances in which [the claimant’s] 16 symptoms disappeared after arriving at the emergency room with her son, a 17 psychological evaluation that refers to a rule-out malingering diagnosis made by 18 another examining psychologist, and the provisional malingering diagnosis from 19 [an examining psychologist].” Mohammad, 595 F. App’x at 697-98; see also Berry 20 v. Astrue, 622 F.3d 1228, 1235 (9th Cir. 2010) (malingering established where ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 12 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1516 Page 13 of 27 1 claimant reported refraining from doing volunteer work “for fear of impacting his 2 disability benefits,” and claimed disability dating from his last day of employment 3 despite admitting he left his job because his employer went out of business). 4 Similarly, the record in this case contains rule-out diagnoses of malingering 5 from Dr. Burdge and Dr. Morey, the testimony of Dr. Toews who stated that 6 Plaintiff’s test results were “consistent with” malingering, Dr. Simmons’ 7 observation that Plaintiff’s complaints of auditory hallucinations “did not match” 8 his affect, Dr. Bailey’s comments, and Plaintiff’s statements to his providers that 9 he did not want to work because it would “hurt [his] chances with disability.” AR 10 99, 389-391, 403-04, 434, 543, 724. This evidence suggests malingering and 11 supports the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were not entirely 12 credible. See Mohammad, 595 F. App’x at 697-98. 13 B. 14 The ALJ did not Err in Weighing the Medical Opinion Evidence Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in assessing and weighing the medical 15 opinion evidence from numerous providers: (1) examining psychologist Rebekah 16 Cline, Psy.D., (2) examining psychologist Karen Mansfield-Blair, Ph.D., (3) 17 treating mental health counselor M. Gabriela Mondragon, MSW, (4) examining 18 psychologist Tasmyn Bowes, Psy.D., (5) reviewing physicians Norman Staley, 19 M.D. and Brent Packer, M.D., and (6) treating nurse practitioner Marybeth 20 Wheeler, ARNP. ECF No. 11 at 17-21. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 13 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1517 Page 14 of 27 1 1. 2 Title XVI’s implementing regulations distinguish among the opinions of Legal standards 3 three types of physicians: (1) those who treat the claimant (treating physicians); (2) 4 those who examine but do not treat the claimant (examining physicians); and (3) 5 those who neither examine nor treat the claimant but who review the claimant’s 6 file (non-examining physicians). Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1201-02 7 (9th Cir. 2001); see 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(1)-(2). If a treating or examining 8 doctor’s opinion is contradicted by another doctor’s opinion—as is the case here— 9 an ALJ may only reject it by providing “specific and legitimate reasons that are 10 supported by substantial evidence.” Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1216 (9th 11 Cir. 2005). An ALJ satisfies this standard by “setting out a detailed and thorough 12 summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his [or her] 13 interpretation thereof, and making findings.” Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 14 1012 (9th Cir. 2014). In contrast, an ALJ fails to satisfy the standard when he or 15 she “rejects a medical opinion or assigns it little weight while doing nothing more 16 than ignoring it, asserting without explanation that another medical opinion is more 17 persuasive, or criticizing it with boilerplate language that fails to offer a 18 substantive basis for his [or her] conclusion.” Id. at 1012-13. 19 20 Importantly, the “specific and legitimate” standard discussed above only applies to evidence from “acceptable medical sources.” Molina, 674 F.3d at 1111. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 14 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1518 Page 15 of 27 1 These include licensed physicians, licensed psychologists, and various other 2 specialists such as optometrists and podiatrists. See 20 C.F.R. § § 416.902(a). 3 “Other sources” for opinions—such as nurse practitioners, counselors, teachers, 4 social workers, etc.—are not entitled to the same deference as acceptable medical 5 sources.3 Molina, 674 F.3d at 1111; see 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(f). ALJs may discount 6 “other source” opinions by providing “germane” reasons. Popa v. Berryhill, 872 7 F.3d 901, 906 (9th Cir. 2017); Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir. 1993). 8 2. 9 Dr. Cline evaluated Plaintiff twice: first in November 2014, then again in Examining psychologist Rebekah Cline, Psy.D. 10 August 2016. AR 596-601, 1097-1103. In her 2014 evaluation, she diagnosed 11 Plaintiff with chronic PTSD, anxiety disorder with features of panic disorder, and 12 she made a provisional diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. AR 598. 13 She opined that Plaintiff’s symptoms from these conditions “very significantly” 14 limited his abilities to communicate, maintain appropriate behavior, and complete 15 a normal workday and workweek without interruptions. AR 599. She believed 16 these limitations would last for 9 to 12 months with adequate treatment. AR 599. 17 18 In her 2016 evaluation, Dr. Cline diagnosed Plaintiff with moderate alcohol use disorder, mild to moderate marijuana use disorder, chronic PTSD, panic 19 3 20 For claims filed on or after March 27, 2017, licensed nurse practitioners and physician assistants can qualify as acceptable medical sources in certain situations. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.902(a)(7)-(8). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 15 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1519 Page 16 of 27 1 disorder, and schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. AR 1099. She continued to 2 opine that he would have very significant problems in numerous areas of 3 psychological functioning. AR 1100. She noted, however, that his ongoing alcohol 4 and marijuana use exacerbated his symptoms. AR 1101. She believed his 5 limitations would last for 12 to 24 months with adequate treatment. AR 1101. 6 The ALJ assigned little weight to Dr. Cline’s opinions, reasoning that her 7 stated limitations (1) did not accurately reflect Plaintiff’s true limitations, given her 8 acknowledgment that his alcohol and drug use exacerbated the severity of his 9 psychological symptoms, and (2) were not permanent and could be improved with 10 treatment, which Plaintiff received. AR 689; see Coffman v. Astrue, 469 F. App’x. 11 609, 611 (9th Cir. 2012) (ALJs may properly reject medical opinions that are 12 rendered without knowledge of or fail to adequately account for a claimant’s 13 substance abuse); Marlin D. v. Saul, No. 2:18-CV-00360-MKD, 2020 WL 14 1518628, at *9 (E.D. Wash. 2020) (same); Cook v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:16- 15 CV-00414-MKD, 2018 WL 1041166, at *7 (E.D. Wash. 2018) (same); Carmickle, 16 533 F.3d at 1165 (ALJ properly discounted physician’s opined limitation, when the 17 physician gave the claimant a two-week excuse from work and released him to 18 return full time two months later); James D. v. Berryhill, 2018 WL 6174252, at *6 19 (W.D. Wash. 2018) (Dr. Cline’s opinion that impairment would last “0-3 months” 20 was temporary and therefore properly rejected). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 16 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1520 Page 17 of 27 Here, the ALJ’s second rationale was error, at least with respect to Dr. 2 Cline’s 2016 opinion. The durational requirement for a severe impairment is 12 3 months. 20 C.F.R. § 416.909. As the cases above illustrate, when a doctor opines 4 that an impairment will improve within that time frame, that opinion is of limited 5 relevance. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1165. But Dr. Cline opined in 2016 that 6 Plaintiff’s psychological limitations would last 12 to 24 months with treatment. AR 7 1101. Discounting this opinion on the grounds that it only expressed temporary 8 restrictions was therefore improper. Hines v. Astrue, 2012 WL 834310, at *5 9 (W.D. Wash. 2012). 10 However, the ALJ also discounted Dr. Cline’s opinions on the grounds that 11 they overstated Plaintiff’s limitations, given that his alcohol and drug abuse 12 exacerbated his psychological symptoms. AR 689. Plaintiff argues that this was 13 also error, contending that the ALJ should have considered “the effects of all of 14 [his] impairments, including substance abuse,” in the sequential disability 15 determination. ECF No. 11 at 18. In so arguing, Plaintiff relies solely on 16 Bustamante v. Massanari, 262 F.3d 949 (9th Cir. 2001), which concerned the 17 proper procedures for ALJs to follow when they conduct what is called a “drug 18 addiction and alcoholism (DAA) materiality determination.” 4 Id. at 954. Unlike in 19 20 4 This process stems from a provision Congress added to Title XVI as part of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996, which terminated benefits for those whose primary impairment is drug addiction, alcoholism, or both. 42 U.S.C. §1382c(a)(3)(J); see Pub. L. No. 104-121, 110 Stat. 847. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 17 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1521 Page 18 of 27 1 Bustamante, the ALJ did not conduct a DAA materiality determination in this case. 2 See id. at 952; AR 682-696. It is not clear, nor does Plaintiff explain, how 3 Bustamante directly applies in this situation—i.e., where the ALJ discounts a 4 provider’s opinion on the grounds that it overstates the claimant’s limitations—and 5 therefore Plaintiff has not established that the ALJ’s first rationale for discounting 6 Dr. Cline’s opinion was improper. 7 3. 8 Dr. Mansfield-Blair evaluated Plaintiff in September 2018. AR 1389-1394. 9 Her primary diagnosis was cocaine use disorder, in sustained remission. AR 1393. 10 She also included rule-out diagnoses of alcohol use disorder, antisocial personality 11 disorder, and unspecified schizophrenia/other psychotic disorder. AR 1393. Her 12 prognosis for Plaintiff’s mental health was “guarded”—she believed his substance 13 abuse issues would improve with treatment but that his personality disorder would 14 not, even with therapy and medication. 15 Examining psychologist Karen Mansfield-Blair, Ph.D. With respect to Plaintiff’s functional limitations, Dr. Mansfield-Blair opined 16 that Plaintiff would not have trouble performing detailed and complex tasks or 17 work activities on a consistent basis, given his normal level of intellectual 18 functioning. AR 1394. However, she opined that he would have trouble interacting 19 with supervisors and coworkers because of his “lifelong pattern of conflictual 20 relationships” and tendency to be verbally and physically aggressive. AR 1394. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 18 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1522 Page 19 of 27 1 She also believed that he would have trouble dealing with workplace stress, as he 2 “exhibited a low level of distress tolerance skill during the interview.” AR 1394. 3 Finally, she opined that he “would have difficulty maintaining regular attendance 4 and completing a normal workday/workweek without interruptions from a 5 psychiatric condition given his diagnoses.” AR 1394. 6 The ALJ adopted Dr. Mansfield-Blair’s opinion and found that Plaintiff 7 could only have brief and superficial interactions with coworkers and supervisors, 8 that he could not interact at all with the public, and that he could only perform 9 simple, repetitive, routine tasks. AR 688. 10 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ ignored Dr. Mansfield-Blair’s limitation that he 11 would “have difficulty maintaining regular attendance and completing a normal 12 workday/workweek without interruptions from a psychiatric condition given his 13 diagnoses.” ECF No. 11 at 18; AR 1394. However, throughout Dr. Mansfield- 14 Blair’s report, the only specific issues she identified related to Plaintiff’s social 15 functioning (i.e., difficulty with supervisors, coworkers, and the public) and stress 16 tolerance. AR 1394. Although she later concluded that Plaintiff’s diagnoses would 17 cause attendance issues and “interruptions” in his workday, this statement can be 18 rationally interpreted as referring to Plaintiff’s social and stress-related limitations, 19 which the ALJ accounted for. AR 686. When the record can be rationally 20 interpreted in multiple ways, the Court is obligated to defer to the ALJ’s resolution ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 19 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1523 Page 20 of 27 1 of these issues, even if it might have interpreted the evidence differently. Molina, 2 674 F.3d at 1111. 3 4. 4 Ms. Mondragon provided ongoing counseling to Plaintiff beginning in Treating mental health counselor M. Gabriela Mondragon, MSW 5 March 2013. AR 428. In October 2018, she completed a mental source statement 6 outlining his psychological limitations. AR 1397-1400. She opined that he had no 7 limitations in some areas, such as understanding, memory, and carrying out 8 instructions, but had marked or extreme limitations in other areas, which included 9 using public transportation, completing a normal workday/workweek without 10 interruptions, and interacting with and responding appropriately to the general 11 public, supervisors, and coworkers. AR 1397-1398. 12 The ALJ assigned little weight to Ms. Mondragon’s opinion, reasoning that 13 (1) it was contradicted by the testimony of Dr. Toews, who was a more qualified 14 and reliable medical source, and (2) it was not an accurate reflection of Plaintiff’s 15 true limitations because it failed to acknowledge his significant substance abuse 16 issues, which exacerbated the severity of his psychological symptoms. AR 688-89; 17 see 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(5) (the opinions of specialists are assigned more weight 18 in their areas of specialty than non-specialists); Coffman, 469 F. App’x. at 611; 19 Marlin D., 2020 WL 1518628, at *9; Cook, 2018 WL 1041166, at *7. 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 20 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1524 Page 21 of 27 With respect to the ALJ’s second rationale, Plaintiff argues that Ms. 2 Mondragon expressly stated that her opinion excluded the effects of Plaintiff’s 3 drug and alcohol use. ECF No. 11 at 19. Plaintiff is correct. See AR 1399 (“The 4 limitations noted do not include limitations from current alcohol or drug 5 use.”). Accordingly, the ALJ erred in discounting Ms. Mondragon’s opinion on 6 this basis. 7 However, the ALJ also reasoned that Ms. Mondragon’s opinion was 8 contradicted by Dr. Toews, who was a more qualified and reliable medical source. 9 AR 688. Plaintiff argues that their opinions did not actually conflict because “Dr. 10 Toews offered no testimony as to [his] functional limitations.” ECF No. 11 at 18- 11 19. However, Dr. Toews noted Dr. Burdge’s assessment that Plaintiff had 12 “no work related limitations” and that his issues were “due to drug and alcohol 13 problems.” AR 721. Dr. Toews also testified that based on his review of 14 the medical records, Plaintiff’s psychiatric and psychological symptoms “were all 15 within normal limits.” AR 721. He then testified that the record did 16 not support “evidence for significant psychiatric distress.” AR 721. The ALJ was 17 entitled to find that this testimony conflicted with Ms. Mondragon’s opinion, that 18 Dr. Toews was more qualified and reliable, and that Ms. Mondragon’s opinion 19 should receive lesser weight as a result. 20 /// ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 21 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1525 Page 22 of 27 1 5. 2 Dr. Bowes evaluated Plaintiff in June 2018. AR 1332-37. She diagnosed him 3 with PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and persistent depressive disorder. AR 4 1335. With respect to functional limitations, she opined that he was “significantly” 5 limited in his abilities to follow “very short and simple instructions,” learn new 6 tasks, perform routine tasks, make simple decisions, and ask simple questions. AR 7 1335-36. She also believed he was “very significantly” limited in his abilities to 8 follow detailed instructions, perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular 9 attendance, be punctual, adapt to changes, and communicate effectively. AR 1335- Evaluating psychologist Tasmyn Bowes, Psy.D. 10 36. She believed he was entirely unable to maintain appropriate behavior or 11 complete a normal workday/workweek without interruptions. AR 1336. 12 The ALJ assigned little weight to Dr. Bowes’ opinion, reasoning that it was 13 inconsistent with Plaintiff’s daily activities. AR 689; see Morgan, 169 F.3d at 601- 14 02 (ALJs may reject an opinion that is inconsistent with the claimant’s reported 15 daily activities). 16 Plaintiff argues that his activities were minimal and thus consistent with Dr. 17 Bowes’ limitations. ECF No. 11 at 19. However, the record demonstrates that 18 Plaintiff’s daily activities included driving his girlfriend to work, driving his 19 nephews to school, cleaning the house, caring for and walking his dogs, caring for 20 various other animals, attending to his personal hygiene, building computers, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 22 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1526 Page 23 of 27 1 drawing, doing bead work, preparing meals, doing laundry, visiting with his 2 neighbors, and talking with his daughter. AR 27-28, 687-88, 691. The ALJ 3 reasonably concluded that these activities belied Dr. Bowes’ claims that Plaintiff 4 had significant problems following “very short and simple instructions,” learning 5 new tasks, performing routine tasks, making simple decisions, following a 6 schedule, and being punctual. Accordingly, the ALJ properly discounted Dr. 7 Bowes’ opinion. 8 6. Reviewing physicians Norman Staley, M.D. and Brent Packer, M.D. 9 Dr. Staley reviewed Plaintiff’s records in June 2013 and concluded that he 10 had degenerative disc disease but could nevertheless lift and carry up to 25 pounds, 11 stand and walk for six hours at a time, and sit for six hours at a time. AR 97, 10012 101. The ALJ assigned significant weight to Dr. Staley’s opinion, reasoning that 13 (1) Dr. Staley was an expert on disability case evaluation, (2) his opinion was 14 consistent with Plaintiff’s daily activities, and (3) his opinion was also consistent 15 with Plaintiff’s generally benign examination findings throughout the medical 16 record. AR 29. 17 Dr. Packer gave an opinion in January 2013. See AR 408-410. In doing so, 18 he reviewed only two medical records: (1) a chart note from Plaintiff’s December 19 2012 appointment with Caryn Jackson, M.D., and (2) a December 2012 MRI study 20 that Dr. Jackson had ordered. AR 410; see AR 373-76, 385. Dr. Packer agreed that ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 23 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1527 Page 24 of 27 1 Plaintiff had degenerative disc disease and opined that Plaintiff was unable to 2 work. AR 409-410. He explained that Plaintiff’s “imaging findings suggesting 1 or 3 two level radiculopathy” along with Plaintiff’s daily activities indicated that 4 Plaintiff would be unable to stand or walk for even brief periods. AR 410. 5 The ALJ assigned “very little weight” to Dr. Packer’s opinion, reasoning 6 that he “relied exclusively on the evaluation of Dr. Jackson,” which was 7 unpersuasive for separate reasons. AR 30; see Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1217 (doctor’s 8 failure to review other medical records is a basis to discount his or her opinion); 20 9 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(6) (in weighing a medical opinion, ALJ will consider “extent 10 to which a medical source is familiar with the other information in your case 11 record”); Cox v. Astrue, 2012 WL 3862135, at *8 (D. Or. 2012) (“[F]ailure to 12 review all records is a legitimate reason to reject a medical opinion.”). 13 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in weighing the relative weight of Dr. 14 Staley’s and Dr. Packer’s opinions. ECF No. 11 at 20-21. He acknowledges that 15 Dr. Staley reviewed more of the medical record, but argues that the records Dr. 16 Packer did review were more specific to his lumbar impairment. Id. at 20. He also 17 argues that Dr. Packer explained his opinion and thought process in more detail 18 than Dr. Staley did. Id. at 20-21. However, neither of these arguments establish 19 that the ALJ’s reasoning was wrong—Plaintiff is simply saying that he would have 20 weighed the opinions differently. But it is the ALJ’s province to weigh the ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 24 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1528 Page 25 of 27 1 persuasive value of the various medical opinions and absent some legal error— 2 which Plaintiff fails to identify here—it is not the Court’s role to reassess those 3 determinations. Thomas, 278 F.3d at 954-59. 4 Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ failed to acknowledge that Dr. Packer 5 reviewed both Dr. Jackson’s chart note and the subsequent MRI. ECF No. 11 at 6 20. While this is true, it does not affect the ALJ’s substantive rationale—that Dr. 7 Staley reviewed significantly more of Plaintiff’s medical file than Dr. Packer did. 8 7. 9 Nurse Wheeler treated Plaintiff from January 2018 to July 2018. AR 1403. Treating nurse practitioner Marybeth Wheeler, ARNP 10 She diagnosed him with left-side sciatica, facet arthritis, degenerative disc disease, 11 and knee instability. AR 1403. She opined that the pain from these conditions 12 “require[d] him to rest all day.” AR 1403. She stated that he could not work full 13 time due to pain. AR 1404. 14 The ALJ assigned little weight to Nurse Wheeler’s opinion, reasoning that 15 (1) she only treated Plaintiff for seven months, and (2) that her opinion was 16 inconsistent with Plaintiff’s daily activities. AR 689; see 20 C.F.R. § 17 416.927(c)(2)(i) (“[T]he longer a treating source has treated you and the more 18 times you have been seen by a treating source, the more weight we will give to the 19 source’s medical opinion.”); Morgan, 169 F.3d at 601-602. 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 25 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1529 Page 26 of 27 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s first rationale was error because “there is no 2 contrary opinion from a doctor with a longer treatment record.” ECF No. 11 at 21. 3 Plaintiff cites no authority imposing such a requirement. See id. Plaintiff also 4 argues that the ALJ gave significant weight to a doctor who did not treat Plaintiff 5 at all, implying that the ALJ applied this principle inconsistently. Id. However, the 6 ALJ gave separate reasons for why he discounted the non-examining doctor’s 7 opinion. See AR 690. 8 9 Plaintiff argues the ALJ’s second rationale was error because his activities were minimal and thus consistent with Nurse Wheeler’s limitations. ECF No. 11 at 10 21. But Nurse Wheeler opined that Plaintiff was required “to rest all day.” AR 11 1403. This was inconsistent with Plaintiff’s activities as outlined above, see AR 12 687-88, 691, and therefore was a proper basis for discounting Nurse Wheeler’s 13 opinion. 14 VIII. Order 15 Having reviewed the record and the ALJ’s findings, the Court finds the 16 ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and is free from legal error. 17 Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED: 18 1. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 11, is DENIED. 19 2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 12, is 20 GRANTED. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 26 Case 1:19-cv-03129-RHW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. ECF No. 14 filed 08/13/20 PageID.1530 Page 27 of 27 Judgment shall be entered in favor of Defendant and the file shall be closed. IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Executive is directed to enter this Order, forward copies to counsel, and close the file. DATED this August 13, 2020. s/Robert H. Whaley ROBERT H. WHALEY Senior United States District Judge 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 27

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